Bjs Restaurant Brewery Group Project Marketing Essay

Bjs Restaurant Brewery Group Project Marketing Essay Introduction For 32 years BJs Restaurants and Brewhouses have expanded from one small Chicago style pizzeria to over ninety-two chain foodservice establishments. Over these years, Paul Motenko and Jerry Hennessy, the companys duel owners, have expanded the companys concept from a small family owned restaurant to a full service casual dining restaurant. Today BJs Restaurant and Brewhouse has more that 100 menu items including appetizers, specialty salads, soups, pastas, sandwiches, entrees and desserts. (www.bjsbrewhouse.com) Over ten years ago, in 1996, BJs introduced their hand crafted homebrewed beers into the mix adding a unique and lucrative spin on the concept while further distinguishing themselves from other competitive restaurants in their segment market. BJs restaurant further went on to fully engulf themselves in this new concept by changing their name from BJs Restaurant to BJs Brewhouse and BJs Restaurant and Brewery. Since then BJs has been recognized by many different brewing associations and competitions by earning medals and high remarks. To fully submerge themselves in this new beer market BJs has opened several microbreweries, which help produce and distribute BJs hand crafted beers throughout their restaurants. Throughout the years that BJs has been in business they have gone through and successfully accomplished many of their strategic directions. They have over taken several objectives including transitioning BJs Restaurant concept to a premium casual or sometimes called casual plus sit down dining experience. Also, BJs general net revenues tend to increase about twenty to forty percent each year which is a great entity for their current share and stockholders and will help new investors choose BJs over other players in their business segment. Because of a result of the failing economy, recent mass foreclosures and rising interest rates and gasoline prices another one of BJs Restaurants strategic directions has somewhat skewed their goals to be more of a higher quality, more approachable casual dining restaurant. They believe that the main stream customers are now more likely to cut back on their participation in more of the mediocre mass market casual dining and change their dining behaviors to more of a higher quality concept that will offer a better overall dining experience and also better value for their money. Today BJs Restaurant and Brew house current strategic direction is to have a passionate desire to provide extraordinary value for their guests in a high-energy, fun, child-friendly environment, along with a sincere commitment to support the communities in which they do business goes to the heart of what differentiates BJs from other restaurants. They are committed to ethical business practices and strong corporate governance standards. The Board of Directors and management believe sound corporate governance principles are important to ensure that the Company is managed for the long term benefit of its key stakeholders investors, guests and employees. (www.bjsbrewhouse.com) Along with BJs current strategic direction the company strives to differentiate themselves by being a huge cash donor to many different philanthropic organizations and charities. For example BJs Cookies 4 Kids program has raised millions for the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation by donating a portion of all Pizookies, a fresh baked cookie of choice served with two scoops of cold ice cream, to this great cause. This year round fundraising event strives to help BJs by showing their customers and investors how much they care for their community and by creating a strong competitive advantage over other similar markets. BJs Environmental Analysis Restaurant industry Analysis: Figure 1-1 The food dollar Source: National Restauramt Association Inc. The restaurant industry is a competitive one, every year thousand of restaurants open and close. But lifestyle changes, demographics, and trends continue to fuel its steady growth. More and more people have less time, resources, and ability to cook for themselves. The average American spends 15% of his/her income on meals away from home. People are eating out more because of convenience, making the industry sky rocket. According to the National Restaurant Association the industrys sales are expected to reach $580 billion in 2010 over 2009 sale (Figure 1.2).  Even though the industry has been hit hard these past two years, Dawn Sweeney, President and CEO of the National Restaurant Association, supports the industry by stating, With a total economic impact of more than $1.5 trillion, the restaurant industry is a strong player in the economic recovery. Restaurants are the cornerstone of communities across this nation and we are a key player in propelling job retention and creation acr oss the United States. Despite the losses the industry has outperformed the national economy, expecting job growth in 2010. The restaurant-and-foodservice industry still remains one of the nations largest employers. Today almost one in 10 working Americans work in restaurants, employing nearly 13 million people and expected to grow further by 2020. There are still challenges that the industry continues to face such as future economic recessions, competition, maintaining sales volume, recruiting and retaining employees, and labor costs. Therefore restaurants will continue to keep their eye on new consumer and menu trends to stay in competition since socioeconomic trends and demographic changes have a great impact. Figure 1.2 Restaurant industrys sales BJs Broad Environment Analysis: Sociocultural influences on BJs restaurant have grown as the restaurant industry compete and become sensitive to consumers wants. Society expects money making business to give something back to it. Besides monitory contributions BJs has created a foundation that helps out the community where they do business in. As stated in their BJs foundation page, The BJs Restaurants Foundation is a non-profit organization dedicated to support charities benefiting childrens healthcare and education, with primary focus on the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation. In addition, [their] Foundation recognizes and rewards the volunteer efforts of BJs Restaurants team members across the country as they help to give back to the communities in which our restaurants do business. In 2009 BJs received the Restaurant Neighbor award given by the National restaurant Association because of BJs continuous contributions to the communities; some examples are: BJs TASC Force program has helped to fulfill the wishes of special needs kids, placed flags in a national cemetery by the graves of fallen soldiers, painted over unsightly graffiti and helped clean up beaches, parks and school grounds. In addition, have hosted blood drives, worked with Special Olympics, painted houses for elderly citizens, supported Habitat for Humanity and re-built playgrounds. [Their] teams have also worked at food banks, participated in fundraising runs and walkathons and delivered food to families in need on Christmas morning. All this is possible by the TASC team members who work and donate their personal time for such causes. They claim to do it because it is the right thing to do and inevitably come away as better individuals and more responsible citizens. Many other charities are benefitted through the work of BJs TASC team. BJs keeps thinking of new ways to raise money and society awareness BJs also makes charitable contribution from new restaurant opening to the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation. Fundraising events are also supported by BJs restaurants. One of BJs major fundraising events directly benefiting the Foundation is a yearly charity golf tournament. BJs Foundation page states that All proceeds from the tournament go to the foundation which then disperses funds throughout the year to designated charities defined by [their] mission statement.  Ã‚  This years tournament will take place on Monday, June  7, 2010  at Dove Canyon Country Club in Orange County. Other programs such as the Cookie 4 Kids have raised millions. The program donates portion of all Pizookie dessert sales to the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation. BJs Signature Pizookie is a fresh baked cookie [topped] with two scoops of vanilla bean ice cream and served hot, and cold, a favorite for thousands of BJs guests making it a wonderful fundr aising campaign for their charity. It is a goal for BJs to continue to be a good corporate citizen to satisfy society needs. Through any way possible, as you can see, BJs focuses greatly in contributing to its community. And since customers may view BJs as an unselfish corporation this could be a value added to the name of the company. It may also be a competitive advantage against competitors whose major focus is making money for themselves and its investors. Besides the sociocultural influences, BJs has adjusted to the technological innovations that are becoming more and more popular in the industry. The Idea of Online ordering is a new one and BJs is not staying behind. They are currently doing online ordering which is easy and convenient. You find the location nearest you by typing in your zip code, click on the online order link and place your order, and last but not least pick it up inside or curbside, delivered right to your car. Technology for BJs doesnt stop there one of the challenges for restaurants is training employees so one of the first things a new server at a BJs Restaurant Brewery does is put on a headset and spend a few minutes in front of a POS monitor, working through an interactive video training module. Then the trainer reviews and demonstrates the tasks and works with new hire in a live session. This combination of high-tech and high-touch training has helped BJs Restaurants Inc. control turnover among its 4,000 employees and reinforces its ranks in anticipation of growth. BJs has also adopted technology through its dà ©cor. Flat panel televisions are displayed throughout their restaurants, making it a fun and entertaining environment for the customers. Even though the economic downturn did not have a big impact on BJs restaurant, they have come up with new ways of maintaining and attracting its customers. On March 2, 2010 the companywide updated its menu offerings. It includes the introduction of a new BJs Snacks and Small Bites menu category, along with five new lunch specials. These menu creations are big in flavor and small on price, yet still delivering the good value BJs guest expect. This was done to give guest the opportunity to try something new at a good value. BJs new Snacks and Small Bites ranges from $2.95 $3.95 that can be eaten as an appetizer or added to your entrà ©e. Through such promotion BJs tries to reach customers who are afraid of spending too much money. Yet some of the threats BJs may face may be changes in consumer spending trends for casual dining occasions. For example trends change to quick service or fine dining. If that was the case restaurants like BJs would suffer a big loss, but since there is big industry for casual diners it is very unlikely for that to happen. Examination of Key External Stakeholders: Key external stakeholders include supplier and customers, maintaining a good relationship with its suppliers is crucial for BJs Success. An annual award is presented by BJs to its biggest quality product contributors. Supplier partner awards for the year 2009 are Jacmar Foodservice Distribution, Nestle USA, Fresh Point Inc. and RR Advertising. The award is give to the most significant contributors for the quality, differentiation and value that BJs restaurant concept requires to give the consumer. Some of the threats BJs may face as stated in their forward looking statement is, the [variable] commodity costs and availability of food in general and certain raw materials related to the brewing of their handcrafted beers and energy. Nevertheless such threats are present for most restaurants in general. Customers are also a very important external stakeholder whose feedback is appreciated. Attracting customers is a goal for all businesses but for BJs as their BJs Gold Standard of Operational Excellence states it is, [their] genuine commitment is to take pride in passionately connecting with every guest, on every visit, through flawless and relentless execution of every detail during every shift to create and keep fanatical fans of BJs concept and brand. The company does not only want to attract customers but keep them so they become fans of dining experience at BJs. Given that customers and sales are strongly correlated, the objective of the industry is to maintain both. The loss of consumers means a loss in sales as well therefore customers are affected and can affect BJs success. Organizational Resource Analysis BJs has always had a desire to provide extraordinary value for their guests. They strive on providing excellent food with great customer service. They not only strive to live up to the expectations of their guests but they work hard to provide a high energy, fun loving, child friendly environment. They also try and support their communities with full commitment so everyone involved understands that BJs is different from other restaurants and is concerned for their stakeholders. As BJs definition states that to be the very definition of WOW for the casual dining experience but BJs also strives to WOW not only with their dining experience but also with their customer service and quality of food. Their promise is to be the best and never to compromise! They take immense pride in what they do. They take pride in passionately connecting with every guest so they understand what the customer actually wants so they can provide them with the utmost care and attention. We are excited to introduce additional menu creations that are big on flavor and small on price, and that deliver the high quality and good value that our guests have come to expect from BJs, said Matt Hood, BJs Chief Marketing Officer. By expanding our popular lunch specials, we are giving our guests the opportunity to try something new at a good value. Our new Snacks and Small Bites menu category offers outstanding value and portion sizes that are perfect as individual appetizers or as additions to a favorite entree. (www.bjsbrewhouse.com) BJs financial situation has also been improving. According to BJs official website, Total revenues for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2009 increased approximately 13.5% to $112.6 million compared to $99.3 million for the same quarter last year. Comparable restaurant sales such as The Cheesecake factory decreased by 0.2% during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2009 compared to a decrease of 0.7% during the same quarter last year. Net income and diluted net income per share for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2009 were $1.7 million and $0.06, respectively. Jerry Deitchle is the Chairman and CEO of BJs brew house. He is a CEO who is very concerned and involved with his company. His leadership and management style has led to BJs financial performance which has been very successful. With the nature of todays economy and its continuing pressure on consumer spending for restaurant occasions BJs reported profits for the financial year of 2009 and this is largely because of Jerry Deitchles performance as CEO. BJs popularity is a solid testament to how strong their performance has been over the years. Casual dining customers are preferring BJs style over competitors such as the Cheesecake factory and Chillis. Another reason for BJs success is the ease of approachability and the ability to consistently and correctly execute the routine within the four walls of the restaurant. That includes front of the house, back of the house, chefs, servers, cooks, bus boys, managers, etc. This is a statement the CEO made at a recent press conference where he talks about the impact of the economy on consumer spending for 2010. While we do not expect consumer spending for restaurant occasions to significantly recover during 2010, we remain confident in BJs ability to gain market share in the estimated $80 billion casual dining segment, said Deitchle. Our 2010 new restaurant development pipeline is in excellent shape as of today, and we are already working on potential locations for 2011 openings. Additionally, we will continue to make prudent investments in the core of the BJs concept to further strengthen its competitive advantages of quality, differentiation and value for the casual dining consumer.(www.bjsbrewhouse.com) The company has been advancing since it has started. BJs has excelled in customer service and in quality of food. BJs strengths has been its phenomenal attention to customers needs while at the same time providing them with great tasting food and a huge variety of self brewed beers. The variety of beers has definitely been BJs great strength over the years as competitors such as The Cheesecake Factory only have company brews. They also have great happy hour deals which other restaurants do not. BJs weakness is hard to define as they dont have many. They have been very successful as they have grasped on to the essential elements of great food along with great customer service. The only weakness they probably have is that there menu is not as extensive as compared to the cheesecake factory. They have a very good continental cuisine but they lack variety of ethnic foods. But they are working on that. It is also hard to spot a weakness for this institution as they have doubled profits and plan on investing more into the company. Future Strategic Direction The future strategic plan of BJs Restaurant Group is to expand globally, and ultimately sell their beers to public from grocery, liquor, or beverage Distribution Companys instead of only offering them in restaurant. Internal Analysis: BJs has the resources to produce beer that so many people enjoy while dining at BJs Restaurants Brewhouse. Diversifying their business to provide a line of beer sold in stores is a great opportunity for the company. The company already operates several microbreweries, which produce and distribute BJs hard crafted beers within the chain, so promoting it to other distributors and stores would be the next step for them to branch out. Some of their first place award winning beers include, BJs Brewhouse Blonde , A light and refreshing pale beer in the style of a German Kolsch. Slightly malty with delicate hopping to balance. Bottom-fermented and well-conditioned for exceptional smoothness. and Harvest Hefeweizen, Not just another wheat beer [it is] fermented with authentic Bavarian weizen yeast to produce its unique flavor profile fruity, spicy, and refreshing. These beers would make great candidates for distribution, resulting in greater revenue for the company and jo b enlargement for current and future employees. Since it would be a big expense for other restaurants to make and sell their own beer if they dont already do; it gives BJs a sustainable competitive advantage. Competition would most likely arise from current beer companies whose brands have been sold in stores for year and are widely known by consumers. External Analysis Distributing BJs beer and Expanding BJs globally would also greatly increase sales and brand recognition. Some of the benefits in choosing to expand globally can be the extra resources available for the companys operation, cheaper labor, and the economies of scale access to more customers and markets. However it may also tempt BJs to import beer to the United States instead of making it there since resources and labor would be a lot cheaper in other countries. Exploiting other countries resources might be viewed as unethical by consumers and investors, leading to decrease in consumer loyalty. BJs needs to be careful in not taking away the quality it currently provides to its own country by commoditizing their brand. Besides the threats of expanding an advantage BJs has is the new trend for microbrewery beer. Microbreweries are limited to small batches of hand-crafted beer resulting in enhanced taste. Due to this trend people are willing to pay more for better beer such as New Belgium beer brands. Some examples of the most popular microbrewery and future competitors in the U.S. for BJs include: Anchor brewing Company (San Francisco, CA), Full Sail Brewing Company (Hood River, OR), Real Ale Brewing Company (Texas), and Stone Brewing Company(San Diego, CA). Focusing in external distribution as mention before is a great opportunity for BJs to expand into a different segment. It would allow for BJs name to expand nationally using the distribution as a marketing tool for their restaurants. Along with their microbrewery BJs has been extremely successful in California. There style and service has attracted thousands and has led to massive profits and numerous advantages for the stakeholders. BJs should be very smart about their future direction and should pounce on any opportunity and they should make sure that all the rules and regulations are implemented. BJs should focus on embarking in the international market for the future. Their direction should be to crack the tough European Market as American beer is very popular in Europe and BJs can really pounce on the idea of opening an American Brew House in Europe. Apart from the beers, BJs can also attract a lot of European customers with its cuisine. They can introduce every entrà ©e as a dish from a different region of the United States. BJs should also look to focus on making their menu more extensive as it is important to have variety of food, especially if you want to attract customers in such a culturally diverse place as Europe. BJs goal should not change, but their vision should be broadened onto a bigger scale as they should try and implement their success story in some other part of the world and should take advantage of a growing hospitality market around the world. It does not necessarily have to be in Europe but places like Malaysia and Thailand have a booming tourism economy and these places could be an ideal place for BJs to jump start their international career. Overall, BJs future strategic direction should be directed towards the world! They should focus on bringing the elements of classic and delicious American dining along with great customer service to different parts of the world where this style would be appreciated. A lot of brands have expanded into the global market as BJs should do the same as they have been very successful in the way they have implemented their strategies.

Exploring Traumatic Brain Injury in Children Essay -- Medicine

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading public health concerns today. The Center for Disease and Control (2010) reported that 1.7 million individuals sustain TBI each year). Moreover, TBI accounts to a third (30.5%) of all injury related deaths in the United States. Those who are most likely to sustain TBI are children (0-4 years), older adolescents (15-19 years) and older adults (65+ years) (CDC, 2010). This analysis will examine the prevalence, diagnosis, treatments, and prognosis of traumatic brain injuries in children. Brain injuries can be classified into mild, moderate, and severe categories. The most commonly used assessment for classifying TBI severity is by using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). This scale assesses individual’s level of consciousness based on verbal, motor, and eye responses to stimuli. Researchers Kung et al (2010) analyzed the components of Glasgow coma scale (GCS) from 27,625 TBI cases in Taiwan. The correlation between the survival rate and certain eye (E), motor (M) and verbal (V) score combinations for GCS (scores of 6, 11, 12, ) were found to be statistically significant. The findings indicate that the three fundamental elements comprising the Glasgow coma scale (E, M, & V) separately and in some combinations are predictive of the survival of TBI patients. The researchers assert that this observation is clinically useful when a complete GCS score cannot be obtained when evaluating TBI patients. Confirmative neuroimaging scans plays a pivotal role in TBI diagnosis, prognosis, and deciding what treatments to give. CT is the preferred method of assessment on admission to determine structural damage and to detect (developing) intracranial hematomas (Maas, Stocchetti, Bullock, 2008). .. ..., Injury, Volume 42, Issue 9, September 2011, Pages 940-944, ISSN 0020-1383, 10.1016/j.injury.2010.09.019. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020138310006741) Tawfeeq, Mohammed M Halawani, Khulood Al-Faridi, Wa’el AAL-Shaya, Wa’el S Taha, Traumatic brain injury: neuroprotective anaesthetic techniques, an update, Injury, Volume 40, Supplement 4, November 2009, Pages S75-S81, ISSN 0020-1383, 10.1016/j.injury.2009.10.040. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020138309005609) Yeates, Armstrong, Janusz, Taylor, Wade, Stancin, Drotar, Long-Term Attention Problems in Children With Traumatic Brain Injury, Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Volume 44, Issue 6, June 2005, Pages 574-584, ISSN 0890-8567, 10.1097/01.chi.0000159947.50523.64. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0890856709616336)

Evaporationin Our Daily Life Essay

In a society based only on materialistic possessions, sometimes we overlook even the simplest of things, and the most valuable to our survival as a human race and as a planet. Everywhere around us people envy great architects and artists because of their remarkable creations. Though, we, as a human race disregard the importance of less tangible commodities, developed by the greatest artist ever, Mother Nature. She has given us the most magnificent and staggering artwork imaginable, our environment. But only through the most convoluted processes have these masterpieces been created. From humans to flowers and everything in between, a thorough process is behind everything. Before birth, for example, human must grow and develop through their three trimesters. Also before a plant is full-grown, it must first mature and survive as a seedling. Because although living creatures may be the most evident of Mother Nature’s creations, there may be more to it. Life is only possible in a suitable environment. On earth, that environment is created by our weather dynamics. Weather dynamics is the study of how the motion of water and air cause weather patterns. Our Global weather systems are reflections of our atmosphere and its make up. Weather systems react to the temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure. These three control systems are affected by one simple process, evaporation. Evaporation is the conversion of liquid water directly into its vapor or gaseousstate. Through evaporation, water from the surface is transferred straight into the atmosphere. Worldwide, evaporation is usually seen as the moderator of weather. Evaporation controls cloud cover, surface temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure. All of these factors depend on the rate of evaporation and the differentiation in the rate of evaporation allows for the diverse climate conditions, which we see around the world each day. This leads us to the question that must be answered, to know and understand the factors that affect the rate of evaporation. Through extensive thought and calibration we have found that the six factors, which effect evaporation are temperature, surface area, humidity, presence of foreign particles, atmospheric pressure, and wind speed. The first and most important factor that affects evaporation is temperature. Temperature is the measure of the average amount of energy in the particles of a particular substance. Many people are probably already aware that when water boils, it will evaporate into the air as a vapor or gas until there is no liquid left in that particular container. This is true, because liquids achieve the peak level of evaporation when heated to their boiling point. What few realize though, is that as temperature decreases, there is still evaporation, the amount occurring at any given time though, does decrease with the temperature. The reason why temperature affects evaporation is fairly simple to understand when referring to the collision model. In the collision model, it states that in order to increase the rate of any reaction you must either increase the number of collisions, or increase the fraction of collisions that are effective. Increasing the temperature allows the rate of evaporation to increase through two methods. First of all, in a true, constant environment, temperature of the water, and temperature of the surrounding air usually is fairly similar, so variations of surrounding temperatures do not often change the temperature of the water. But, by increasing the temperature of the water, it gives molecules more kinetic energy. This allows more molecules to break through or escape into the atmosphere by increasing the number of collisions with air particles. This raise in the temperature also increases the effectiveness of each collision by granting more molecules the activation energy required to escape into the surrounding air, therefore increasing the rate of evaporation significantly. Temperature is most likely the number one factor when looking at evaporation in relation to rainfall around the world. But aside from Temperature, many other factors are recognized as affecting the rate of evaporation. The second factor, which we believe, plays a role in the rate at which evaporation occurs is surface area. Surface area of a liquid could be defined as the area or amount of water which in constant contact with the atmosphere. Surface area plays a large role in our weather systems, as shown  by our oceans. Our oceans our widely exposed to the atmosphere and have a large surface area. This in turn allows them to produce most of the moisture in the air through evaporation. The change in the rate of evaporation by surface area is evident for all eyes in the proceeding experiments later in this report. The effect that surface area has on evaporation can be explained using the example from the understanding concepts question #1 on page 535. In this question it states that one litre of water is placed into each a pie plate and a jar. They were both placed into the same room and were given time to evaporate. Our prediction is that the water in the pie plate would evaporate quicker, assuming its opening was wider than the jar. This would be because of the difference in surface area. In this case as in every other increase in evaporation due to surface area increase, it can be explained by one simple fact. Allowing the two reactants (air and water) to contact more of each other will increase the rate of reaction. This occurs because of the increase in the number of collisions occurring between the two substances, according to the collision model, will increase the rate of reaction. The third instance where we believe the evaporation rate would change is with the fluctuation of relative humidity. Humidity is defined as the amount of water vapor in a defined space relative to the amount of air present. Humidity can be used to explain question #5 on page 235, why people who are in Arizona at 33 degrees Celsius feel more comfortable than people at the same temperature in Toronto do. The general population usually does not like the heavy feeling of moisture in the air and in Toronto, humidity is much higher than in the dry state of Arizona, which explains the comfort variation. Also, in reference to question #3 on the same page, humidity would affect the evaporation of these lakes. And in all instances, humidity strongly affects the rate of evaporation of any body of water. Unfortunately, although we, as a group, were not able to test our hypothesis because of lack of materials, we feel that we can strongly support it with scientific  fact. Directly, humidity fills the space in between air particles with water vapor. Because these spaces are filled, now there is less room in the surrounding environment for water molecules escaping from the water. In turn, the increase in humidity will decrease the rate of evaporation by â€Å"raising the bar† for the amount of activation energy that any given particle needs to escape into the atmosphere. This decreases the effectiveness of collisions in the physical change of evaporation occurring here. On the other hand though, a decrease in the amount of moisture in the air will increase the rate of evaporation by increasing the effectiveness of collisions in particles trying to escape into the atmosphere. In short, humidity plays an important role in evaporation worldwide. The next factor that affects evaporation is the presence of foreign particles, and the most predominant, salt. Water, as we know, is rarely found pure which is why we conducted this experiment. As presented by question #4 on page 535, we pondered whether salt water or fresh water would evaporate faster. Our conclusion that we reached is that fresh water would evaporate quicker. First of all, salt water is not a chemical combination; therefore, no properties, such as, the boiling point would change by a great amount. Salt water though, does have a slower rate of evaporation because it reduces the amount of water particles that have access to the air. With less water molecules able to reach the air, fewer particles have a chance of escaping. This is true and is supported by the collision model, because in the model, as in this example, the reduction in the collisions between particles causes the rate of evaporation to recess. But, salt content is not the only factor that has an affect on the rate of evaporation of water. Also, Atmospheric pressure has a great affect on the rate of evaporation. Atmospheric pressure is the pressure that air exerts upon objects as it is pulled, by gravity, towards the center of the earth. And although, due to lack of material limitations we could not conduct this experiment, we believe atmospheric pressure has an affect on evaporation similar to that of humidity. With a greater pressure, air molecules are packed closer together and there is less space between them. Then, like humidity, a greater atmospheric pressure â€Å"raises the bar† and activation energy needed for water  molecules to escape into the atmosphere and surrounding air. This â€Å"raise† reduces the effectiveness of collisions with the air and therefore, reduces the rate of evaporation when atmospheric pressure is greater. Generally, this explains why high-pressure systems are associated with no or little cloud cover. There is little moisture in the air to form clouds and provide our nic e clear day. The sixth and final factor that affects the rate of evaporation is wind speed or the presence of wind. Wind is generally associated with the horizontal movement of air, as a type of advection. As asked in question #2 on page 535, increase in the speed or amount of wind, increases the evaporation of a liquid. These can be explained by using our experiment with the vacuum hood. As water evaporates, the humidity of the air increases because the spaces between air particles are becoming filled with water molecules. As we have learned, leaving these particles in the air increases humidity and subsequently reduce the rate of evaporation, the opposite affect of which we want. What wind does, is it blows the water particles away from the surface of the water allowing more room for particles to evaporate into the atmosphere. The second way that wind helps to increase the rate of evaporation is it lowers the atmospheric pressure exerted on the water. According to Bernoulli’s principle, when the speed of the air is high, the pressure is low, and when the speed of the air is low, the pressure is high. Wind increase the speed of the air, and in turn, lowers the pressure on the surface of the water. This, combined with the significant drop in humidity â€Å"lowers the bar† of activation energy required by water molecules to escape into the atmosphere and increases the rate of evaporation by increasing the effectiveness of the particles that are trying to escape into the vapor in the air. All in all, weather makes life possible, but one of the most predominant forces in the complexity of weather is the process of evaporation. And  although, this process is overlooked by many, it is valued and recognized as an important process in sustaining life by all members of our group. With 80% of all water coming from saltwater oceans, factors that affect evaporation must be studied in order to utilize this natural purifying process to our advantage. By studying temperature, surface area, humidity, presence of foreign particles, atmospheric pressure, and wind speed, we may some day do what Mother Nature has been doing for centuries, use evaporation to our advantage. And as a group, individuals in a worldwide community, I could only imagine the possibilities if everyone was informed about our weather. Because what some take for granted now, may not be there when we need it, in the end, necessary for survival.

Intersectionality In Sister Outsider Audre Lorde - 1508 Words

â€Å"We are all equal in the fact that we are all different.† (C Joyce Bell). A teacher once told this to my class in 5th grade. I had to look up who said it, but the quote stuck with me. Now, as I reflect on the idea of intersectionality, my mind goes back to that teacher and her quote. Intersectionality is a concept that explains how various oppressions and privileges intermingle to shape our lives. It means that we all experience this world differently and like Bell said the ways we experience oppression and privilege from various different sources create our world and our differences. No one is exempt from privilege or power and in that right, we are all the same. In the book Sister Outsider Audre Lorde illustrates the concept of the†¦show more content†¦To this day she still works for our family cleaning the house once a week. And though we all view her as family it is important to be aware of our power in this situation and to ensure we are not exerting it in such a way that we cause oppression. Contrastingly my mother does not need to work due to my father being the boss of his own company. But it is also not necessarily her choice not to work. My sister Meghan has Cri Du Chat syndrome. Because of this my mother has had to take care of my sister and advocate for her rights constantly. As a young child Meghan was constantly sent home from school by teachers who claimed she was sick because it would be easier to not deal with her for that day. One day our school made her sit in a soiled diaper all day until our mother came to school to change it herself. Because of this it would not be practical for my mother to get a job. I am able bodied but because my sister is not my privilege as an able-bodied individual is often challenged. I have on occasion experienced the ways in which she is oppressed indirectly, for example when we went to the same elementary school sometimes kids would make fun of her at recess. I had the unique experience of either standing up for her and using m y privilege to help her, but in turn I would face being grouped in with her and facing the oppression she was facing, or I could do nothing andShow MoreRelatedFeminism : Waves Of Debates Within Feminism Essay1658 Words   |  7 Pageswomen, and more a gathering of movements concerned with a number of oppressive structures, working towards the eradication of domination period. Analysing the works of Mimi Mariuncci (2010), Audre Lorde (1984), and Rosemarie Garland-Thomson (2002) this paper will attempt to answer the question of why intersectionality is imperative to feminist discourse and Praxis, exploring the different areas in which the oppression of women interests with the oppression, marginalisation, and suppression of other minorityRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Sister Outsider 1709 Words   |  7 PagesHighly personal, Sister Outsider reflects how Audre Lorde’s deals with the many faces of systematic oppression, in order to become whole. Written throughout the lifespan of her life, what Audre Lorde has written was not just for herself but rather for other women who can and do relate to her and the struggles that she faced. Lorde bases a lot of her writings on who she is: a black woman, lesbian identified woman, a feminist, and mother of two; and what she had experienced throughout her life. SheRead MoreFilm Analysis Of Pantene Commercial1030 Words   |  5 Pagesbeen utilized by women (especially those of color and/or low income) throughout history to, â€Å"give name to the nameless so it can be thought...lay the foundations for a future of change, a bridge across our fears of what has never been done before†. (Lorde, p.38). Furthermore, I found through additional research that the scientists involved in creating the line are majorly black and female. As a proudly self-proclaimed afrocentric womanist, I can honestly say from the bottom of my heart that I’m hereRead MoreJudith Butler in Media Studies3516 Words   |  15 Pagesfigh t for progress and equality against prejudice. As a Jewish, lesbian in the 21st century, I have often found it difficult to define my identity. Considered an outsider, the groups society has categorized me in have inherently defined me. As I was reading Age, Race, Class, and Sex: Women Redefining Difference, I closely identified with Audre Lorde’s discussion of this â€Å"other† as it pertains to her race, sexuality and socio-economic status. She says, â€Å"it is the responsibility of the oppressed to teach